Morality (your personal moral code) is "shaped" over time as you interact with your environment. This is true for both theists and atheists, and the shaping mechanisms are the same for both. The only difference is what aspects are emphasized more. Theists focus more heavily on that which is written in a book, even if what is written is not actually moral. They then engage in apologetics to explain away this contradiction, or simply ignore it (if theists actually followed their holy books to a T, they would quickly be placed in prison). Here are some of the factors that contribute to this shaping process for both theists and atheists...
1) Socialization- the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society. Socialization encompasses both learning and teaching and is thus "the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained"
2) Explicit Instruction from early caregivers and teachers (i.e., at some point you were likely specifically taught by adults around you to "share your toys with your friend" or ""don't hit your sister" or "do not grab crayons from your desk-partner without asking first"). As you can see, this is a form of socialization. Morality is something primarily found in social creatures.
3) Indoctrination (such as what you see with various religions, especially followers of Islam, who are often forced to read the Quran hours on end until it is fully memorized).
4) Adherence to cultural norms and societal laws (if you live in a conservative society, conservative dress and thoughts would be the "norm" and "liberal" ideas and behavior would be highly frowned upon, and potentially even persecuted.
5) Interaction with the environment (through mechanisms such as positive/negative reinforcement or punishment, and various forms of behavioral conditioning).
The above is not even a comprehensive list of all the factors involved. For instance, I have not really addressed empathy, or biological factors.
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